Treatment of medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee with focused extracorporeal shockwave therapy: A case report

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries are the most frequent ligamentous injuries of the knee. Focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (f-ESWT) is progressively expanding its field of application to many musculoskeletal pathologies. Although there is evidence surrounding the efficacy of f-ESWT in tendinopathies, no studies have described the usefulness of ultrasound (US)-guided f-ESWT in the treatment of ligament injuries. Herein, we report a case of a MCL injury treated with f-ESWT. Moreover, our case shows the importance of using ultrasonography in determining the effect of treatment. A 60-year-old man with a focal area of lesion in the deep fibers underwent 4 weekly sessions of US-guided f-ESWT to the injured ligament area. His pain decreased to a visual analog scale (VAS) of 3 at the end of the treatment and was completely resolved at the 1-month follow-up visit, with these results being maintained at 4-month follow-up. The US examination showed an initial deposition of “newly formed tissue” at the site of previous injury of the proximal MCL insertion, and a reduction in MCL thickness together with an improvement in echostructure. Based on this result, we speculate that non-surgical ligament injuries could be a new indication for f-ESWT. However, further investigation on the effects of f-ESWT for ligament injuries is needed.