Microbiome-gut-brain axis and toll-like receptors in parkinson’s disease

Brain-gut axis; Central nervous system; Enteric microbiota; Enteric nervous system; Gastrointestinal dysfunctions; Glial cells; Gut dysbiosis; Innate immunity; Intestinal barrier permeability; Microglia; Neurons; Parkinson’s disease; Pharmacological treatment; Probiotics; Toll-like receptors; α-synuclein; Catalysis; Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry