Essential amino acids increase the growth and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts cultured in vitro

An inadequate protein intake seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Moreover, protein from animal sources appears to protect against hip fracture, while protein from vegetable sources, which present low levels of essential amino acids, has no effect. In this preliminary work, the growth, the alkaline phosphatase activity and the collagen synthesis were evaluated in osteoblast cultures obtained from calvaria of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats and incubated with lysine, threonine, methionine, triptophan and arginine. Our results have shown that the essential amino acids can modulate the growth and the differentiation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro, confirming the relationship between osteoporotic hip fracture and inadequate protein intake. The compounds have mainly enhanced cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity, and, to a lower degree, collagen synthesis. In summary, the essential amino acids can stimulate bone formation and could represents useful agents for the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.